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# ansible-later
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This is a fork of Will Thames [ansible-review](https://github.com/willthames/ansible-review) so credits goes to him
for his work on ansible-review and ansible-lint.
`ansible-later` is a best pratice scanner and linting tool. In most cases, if you write ansibel roles in a team,
it helps to have a coding or best practice guideline in place. This will make ansible roles more readable for all
maintainers and can reduce the troubleshooting time.
`ansible-later` does _**not**_ ensure that your role will work as expected. For Deployment test you can use other tools
like [molecule](https://github.com/ansible/molecule).
The project name is an acronym for **L**ovely **A**utomation **TE**sting f**R**mework.
## Table of Content
- [Setup](#setup)
- [Using pip](#using-pip)
- [From source](#from-source)
- [Configuration](#configuration)
- [Default settings](#default-settings)
- [CLI Options](#cli-options)
- [Usage](#usage)
- [Buildin rules](#buildin-rules)
- [Build your own rules](#build-your-own-rules)
- [The standards file](#the-standards-file)
- [Candidates](#candidates)
- [Minimal standards checks](#minimal-standards-checks)
- [License](#license)
- [Maintainers and Contributors](#maintainers-and-contributors)
---
### Setup
#### Using pip
```Shell
# From internal pip repo as user
pip install ansible-later --user
# .. or as root
sudo pip install ansible-later
```
#### From source
```Shell
# Install dependency
git clone https://github.com/xoxys/ansible-later
export PYTHONPATH=$PYTHONPATH:`pwd`/ansible-later/ansiblelater
export PATH=$PATH:`pwd`/ansible-later/bin
```
### Configuration
ansible-later comes with some default settigs which should be sufficent for most users to start,
but you can adjust most settings to your needs.
Changes can be made in a yaml configuration file or through cli options
which will be processed in the following order (last wins):
- default config (build-in)
- global config file (this will depend on your operating system)
- folderbased config file (`.later.yml` file in current working folder)
- cli options
Be careful! YAML Attributes will be overwritten while lists in any
config file will be merged.
To make it easier to review a singel file e.g. for debugging purpose, amsible-later
will ignore `exclude_files` and `ignore_dotfiles` options.
#### Default settings
```YAML
---
ansible:
# Add the name of used custom ansible modules.
# Otherwise ansible-later can't detect unknown modules
# and will through an error.
custom_modules: []
# Settings for variable formatting rule (ANSIBLE0004)
double-braces:
max-spaces-inside: 1
min-spaces-inside: 1
# Global logging configuration
# If you would like to force colored output (e.g. non-tty)
# set emvironment variable `PY_COLORS=1`
logging:
# You can enable json logging if a parsable output is required
json: False
# Possible options debug | info | warning | error | critical
level: "warning"
# Global settings for all defined rules
rules:
# list of files to exclude
exclude_files: []
# Examples:
# - molecule/
# - files/**/*.py
# Limit checks to given rule ID's
# If empty all rules will be used.
filter: []
# Exclude given rule ID's from checks
exclude_filter: []
# All dotfiles (including hidden folders) are excluded by default.
# You can disable this setting and handle dotfiles by yourself with `exclude_files`.
ignore_dotfiles: True
# Path to the folder containing your custom standards file
standards: ansiblelater/data
# Block to control included yamlllint rules.
# See https://yamllint.readthedocs.io/en/stable/rules.html
yamllint:
colons:
max-spaces-after: 1
max-spaces-before: 0
document-start:
present: True
empty-lines:
max: 1
max-end: 1
max-start: 0
hyphens:
max-spaces-after: 1
indentation:
check-multi-line-strings: False
indent-sequences: True
spaces: 2
```
#### CLI Options
You can get all available cli options by running `ansible-later --help`:
```Shell
$ ansible-later --help
usage: ansible-later [-h] [-c CONFIG_FILE] [-r RULES.STANDARDS]
[-s RULES.FILTER] [-v] [-q] [--version]
[rules.files [rules.files ...]]
Validate ansible files against best pratice guideline
positional arguments:
rules.files
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-c CONFIG_FILE, --config CONFIG_FILE
location of configuration file
-r RULES.STANDARDS, --rules RULES.STANDARDS
location of standards rules
-s RULES.FILTER, --standards RULES.FILTER
limit standards to given ID's
-x RULES.EXCLUDE_FILTER, --exclude-standards RULES.EXCLUDE_FILTER
exclude standards by given ID's
-v increase log level
-q decrease log level
--version show program's version number and exit
```
### Usage
```Shell
ansible-later FILES
```
If you don't pass any file to ansible-later it will review all files including subdirs in
the current working directory (hidden files and folders are excluded by default).
Otherwise you can pass a space delimited list of files to review. You can also pass glob
patterns to ansible-later:
```Shell
# Review single files
ansible-later meta/main.yml tasks/install.yml
# Review all yml files (including subfolders)
ansible-later **/*.yml
```
ansible-later will review inventory files, role files, python code (modules, plugins)
and playbooks.
- The goal is that each file that changes in a
changeset should be reviewable simply by passing
those files as the arguments to ansible-later.
- Using `{{ playbook_dir }}` in sub roles is so far
very hard.
- This should work against various repository styles
- per-role repository
- roles with sub-roles
- per-playbook repository
- It should work with roles requirement files and with local roles
### Buildin rules
Reviews are nothing without some rules or standards against which to review. ansible-later
comes with a couple of built-in checks explained in the following table.
| Rule | ID | Description | Parameter |
|---------------------------------|-------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------|
| check_yaml_empty_lines | LINT0001 | YAML should not contain unnecessarily empty lines. | {max: 1, max-start: 0, max-end: 1} |
| check_yaml_indent | LINT0002 | YAML should be correctly indented. | {spaces: 2, check-multi-line-strings: false, indent-sequences: true} |
| check_yaml_hyphens | LINT0003 | YAML should use consitent number of spaces after hyphens (-). | {max-spaces-after: 1} |
| check_yaml_document_start | LINT0004 | YAML should contain document start marker. | {document-start: {present: true}} |
| check_yaml_colons | LINT0005 | YAML should use consitent number of spaces around colons. | {colons: {max-spaces-before: 0, max-spaces-after: 1}} |
| check_yaml_file | LINT0006 | Roles file should be in yaml format. | |
| check_yaml_has_content | LINT0007 | Files should contain useful content. | |
| check_native_yaml | LINT0008 | Use YAML format for tasks and handlers rather than key=value. | |
| check_line_between_tasks | ANSIBLE0001 | Single tasks should be separated by an empty line. | |
| check_meta_main | ANSIBLE0002 | Meta file should contain a basic subset of parameters. | author, description, min_ansible_version, platforms, dependencies |
| check_unique_named_task | ANSIBLE0003 | Tasks and handlers must be uniquely named within a file. | |
| check_braces | ANSIBLE0004 | YAML should use consitent number of spaces around variables. | |
| check_scm_in_src | ANSIBLE0005 | Use scm key rather than src: scm+url in requirements file. | |
| check_named_task | ANSIBLE0006 | Tasks and handlers must be named. | excludes: meta, debug, include\_\*, import\_\*, block |
| check_name_format | ANSIBLE0007 | Name of tasks and handlers must be formatted. | formats: first letter capital |
| check_command_instead_of_module | ANSIBLE0008 | Commands should not be used in place of modules. | |
| check_install_use_latest | ANSIBLE0009 | Package managers should not install with state=latest. | |
| check_shell_instead_command | ANSIBLE0010 | Use Shell only when piping, redirecting or chaining commands. | |
| check_command_has_changes | ANSIBLE0011 | Commands should be idempotent and only used with some checks. | |
| check_empty_string_compare | ANSIBLE0012 | Don't compare to "" - use `when: var` or `when: not var`. | |
| check_compare_to_literal_bool | ANSIBLE0013 | Don't compare to True/False - use `when: var` or `when: not var`. | |
| check_literal_bool_format | ANSIBLE0014 | Literal bools should be written as `True/False` or `yes/no`. | forbidden values are `true false TRUE FALSE Yes No YES NO` |
| check_become_user | ANSIBLE0015 | `become` should be always used combined with `become_user`. | |
| check_filter_separation | ANSIBLE0016 | Jinja2 filters should be separated with spaces. | |
### Build your own rules
#### The standards file
A standards file comprises a list of standards, and optionally some methods to
check those standards.
Create a file called standards.py (this can import other modules)
```Python
from ansiblelater include Standard, Result
tasks_are_uniquely_named = Standard(dict(
# ID's are optional but if you use ID's they have to be unique
id="ANSIBLE0003",
# Short description of the standard goal
name="Tasks and handlers must be uniquely named within a single file",
check=check_unique_named_task,
version="0.1",
types=["playbook", "task", "handler"],
))
standards = [
tasks_are_uniquely_named,
role_must_contain_meta_main,
]
```
When you add new standards, you should increment the version of your standards.
Your playbooks and roles should declare what version of standards you are
using, otherwise ansible-later assumes you're using the latest. The declaration
is done by adding standards version as first line in the file. e.g.
```INI
# Standards: 1.2
```
To add standards that are advisory, don't set the version. These will cause
a message to be displayed but won't constitute a failure.
When a standard version is higher than declared version, a message will be
displayed 'WARN: Future standard' and won't constitute a failure.
An example standards file is available at
[ansiblelater/examples/standards.py](ansiblelater/examples/standards.py)
If you only want to check one or two standards quickly (perhaps you want
to review your entire code base for deprecated bare words), you can use the
`-s` flag with the name of your standard. You can pass `-s` multiple times.
```Shell
git ls-files | xargs ansible-later -s "bare words are deprecated for with_items"
```
You can see the name of the standards being checked for each different file by running
`ansible-later` with the `-v` option.
#### Candidates
Each file passed to `ansible-later` will be classified. The result is a `Candidate` object
which contains some meta informations and is an instance of one of following object types.
| Object type | Description |
|-------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Task | all files within the parent dir `tasks` |
| Handler | all files within the parent dir `handler` |
| RoleVars | all files within the parent dir `vars` or `default` |
| GroupVars | all files (including subdirs) within the parent dir `group_vars` |
| HostVars | all files (including subdirs) within the parent dir `host_vars` |
| Meta | all files within the parent dir `meta` |
| Code | all files within the parent dir `library`, `lookup_plugins`, `callback_plugins` and `filter_plugins` or python files (`.py`) |
| Inventory | all files within the parent dir `inventories` and `inventory` or `hosts` as filename |
| Rolesfile | all files with `rolesfile` or `requirements` in filename |
| Makefile | all files with `Makefile` in filename |
| Template | all files (including subdirs) within the parent dir `templates` or jinja2 files (`.j2`) |
| File | all files (including subdirs) within the parent dir `files` |
| Playbook | all yaml files (`.yml` or `.yaml`) not maching a previous object type |
| Doc | all files with `README` in filename |
#### Minimal standards checks
A typical standards check will look like:
```Python
def check_playbook_for_something(candidate, settings):
result = Result(candidate.path) # empty result is a success with no output
with open(candidate.path, 'r') as f:
for (lineno, line) in enumerate(f):
if line is dodgy:
# enumerate is 0-based so add 1 to lineno
result.errors.append(Error(lineno+1, "Line is dodgy: reasons"))
return result
```
All standards check take a candidate object, which has a path attribute.
The type can be inferred from the class name (i.e. `type(candidate).__name__`)
or from the table [here](#candidates).
They return a `Result` object, which contains a possibly empty list of `Error`
objects. `Error` objects are formed of a line number and a message. If the
error applies to the whole file being reviewed, set the line number to `None`.
Line numbers are important as `ansible-later` can review just ranges of files
to only review changes (e.g. through piping the output of `git diff` to
`ansible-later`).
### License
This project is licensed under the MIT License - see the [LICENSE](LICENSE) file for details.
### Maintainers and Contributors
[Robert Kaussow](https://github.com/xoxys)
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